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HomeMy WebLinkAbout3 - Zoning Ordinance Directions Report To: Planning Commissioners From: John Hinzman, Community Development Director Date: September 3, 2024 Item: Zoning Ordinance – Project Direction Report Planning Commission Action Requested Review the attached Project Direction Report for the Zoning Code Update provided by our consultant, Codametrics. History The existing Zoning Code has not been comprehensively reviewed and amended since 1996. The City has contracted with Codemetrics to provide a zoning code update. Codametrics conducted listening sessions with Commissioners and community members in early June, 2024 to assist in determining potential changes to the Zoning Code. Purpose of Project Direction Report The Report summarizes initial high-level recommendations regarding the scope and direction of the update project. The intent is to provide a sense of the general direction to be pursued in the update effort, not to identify the specifics of every needed or proposed code change. Planning Commission Consideration In reviewing the Directions Report, the Planning Commission is asked to consider the following: • Is Codametrics on the right path? • Are the Recommendations (page 9) consistent with your observations of the Code. • Any questions on the proposed Code Structure (page 15)? Planning Commission Memorandum ZONING CODE UPDATE City of HASTINGS MN Project Direction Report August 6, 2024 (updated August 22, 2024) City of Hastings Zoning Map City of HASTINGS Zoning Code Update | Assessment and Project Direction Report August 22, 2024 i Contents 1. Create Context-Sensitive Neighborhood Zoning .......................................................................9 2. Refine and Codify Design Standards ...........................................................................................10 3. Use Clear, Objective Standards within the Commercial Zones ..............................................11 4. Incorporate the Vermillion Street Corridor Overlay ...................................................................11 5. Update Employment Zones ..............................................................................................................11 6. Modernize Use Regulations .............................................................................................................11 7. Address Accessory Uses and Structures ......................................................................................11 8. Revamp “Planned Unit Development” Provisions .....................................................................12 9. Consolidate and Update Landscape Regulations .....................................................................12 10. Clarify Sign Regulations ....................................................................................................................12 11. Rethink Parking Requirements........................................................................................................12 12. Consolidate Administrative and Procedural Provisions ...........................................................13 13. Avoid Creating Nonconformities and Reduce Need for Variances ..............................................13 14. Promote Sustainability and Resiliency ..........................................................................................13 15. Reorganize ...........................................................................................................................................15 16. Include Tables and Illustrations ......................................................................................................15 17. Update Format and Layout .............................................................................................................16 18. Rename & Add Zones ......................................................................................................................16 19. Use Building Types to Organize Regulations .............................................................................19 City of HASTINGS Zoning Code Update | Assessment and Project Direction Report August 22, 2024ii Months from Project Start PHASES 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 MayMay JunJun JulyJuly AugAug SepSep OctOct NovNov DecDec JanJan FebFeb MarMar AprApr 1 Project Kick-Off qq 2 Diagnosis & Project Directions ww 3 Initial Draft ee rr 4 Public Review Draft tt yy 5 Hearing Draft uu ii DELIVERaBLES Public Outreach Strategy Outline Diagnosis & Directions Report Initial Public Meeting Presentation Module 1: Initial Draft Zoning Code & Map Module 2: Initial Draft Zoning Code Public Review Draft of Zoning Code Open House Materials Public Hearing Draft of Zoning Code Presentation KEY MEETINGS Meeting qq: Kick-off meetings with Staff & Plan Commission, Listening Sessions (virtual &/or in person) Meeting ww: Public Meeting Meeting ee: Module 1 presentation to staff and PC Meeting rr: Module 2 presentation to staff and PC Virtual Meeting tt: Public Review Draft Presentation to staff and PC Meeting yy: Public Open House Meetings uu & ii:AdoptionMeeting(s), as required PROJECT TIMELINE The timeline below is based upon the project scope outlined in the request for proposal and our proposed work plan on the previous pages. Completion of the project with one year is shown as outlined in the RFP. The timeline for deliverables has been modified to allow for additional time for key deliverables and for a public review period prior to the adoption process. We will work closely with staff to adjust the schedule to meet the specific needs of the city and to ensure timely completion of all tasks and delivery of all products. EXHIBIT A: SCOPE OF SERVICES | City of Hastings | Zoning Code Update Work Plan City of HASTINGS Zoning Code Update | Assessment and Project Direction Report August 22, 2024 1 Introduction The Project The City of Hastings has initiated a project to update the city’s zoning code, which was last comprehensively revised in 1996. The update is needed to provide a more modern set of zoning tools and also to help ensure implementation of the city’s comprehensive plan. This report summarizes initial high-level recommendations regarding the scope and direction of the update project. The intent is to provide a sense of the general direction to be pursued in the update effort, not to identify the specifics of every needed or proposed code change. In preparing the report, a variety of policy documents and regulations were reviewed to gain an understanding of the city’s existing planning and regulatory framework. This work was supplemented by time spent exploring the city. This visual survey work was invaluable in translating existing regulations and stakeholder comments into an understanding of actual on-the-ground conditions. After review by staff and the planning commission, the report will serve as a general blueprint for the zoning update effort. Recommendations can and will be revised and tailored in response to local reviews and issues encountered as the project proceeds. Key Advisors PLANNING COMMISSION As with any proposed zoning text or map amendment, the planning commission will conduct public hearings and ultimately issue a recommendation to the city council. Beyond their formal role, the planning commission will work with staff and the consultants to help shape the updated code. They will provide local knowledge and policy guidance and help ensure that various perspectives and opinions are considered as part of the update effort. USER GROUPS Individuals who are regular code users and development process participants were invited to participate in small group listening sessions at the beginning of the project. By engaging in discussions with civic leaders, property owners, developers, real estate professionals, residents, and others, these listening sessions provided the consultant team with a first-hand account of the views of groups directly affected by the city’s zoning regulations. GENERAL PUBLIC During the comprehensive plan update and other planning efforts, the general public has been engaged and asked to participate in a variety of ways. As a plan implementation exercise, the zoning code update project demands more targeted and focused participation. Still, it is essential that the general public be informed about the project and engaged at key points in the update effort. The city’s website will serve as a key portal for sharing information about the project, including the posting of documents and announcements regarding meetings and events (www.hastingsmn. gov). Once draft code provisions are ready for review, city staff and the consultants will conduct meetings to introduce the public review draft and solicit input on the updated code and zoning map. CITY COUNCIL The city council will receive regular project updates from staff and, as with any amendment to the city code, will have final decision-making authority in the process leading to adoption of the new zoning code and map. CONSULTANTS AND STAFF The city has retained a team of zoning specialists who will work closely with city staff to prepare an initial draft of the new zoning code. Work Plan The project work plan is summarized on the preceding page. The project is expected to run until second quarter of 2025. City of HASTINGS Zoning Code Update | Assessment and Project Direction Report August 22, 20242 HASTINGS 2040 COMPREHENSIVE PLAND R A F T City of HASTINGS Zoning Code Update | Assessment and Project Direction Report August 22, 2024 3 The 2040 comprehensive plan establishes a framework for guiding physical, social, and economic change. Among other things, it is intended to help guide the city’s future growth and development and enhance the relationship between different types of land uses. Each chapter of the plan provides background and context and presents a series of guiding principles to shape city policies and initiatives. Throughout the plan, a series of goals and objectives are defined, identifying actions and policy direction that will help accomplish established goals. The comprehensive plan specifically calls for updating the City’s zoning code for consistency with the guidance in these topic areas. The comprehensive plan is organized around eight planning topics that provide a citywide policy framework: 1. Land Use 2. Transportation 3. Community Design 4. Economic Competitiveness 5. Housing 6. Heritage Preservation 7. Parks, Open Space, and Trails 8. Water Resources Minnesota communities must ensure that zoning and development regulations are aligned with their comprehensive plans. This section includes a summary table of key plan principles and strategies that must be addressed in the zoning code update in order to be consistent with the comprehensive plan. Key Goals and Objectives Goals and objectives for each topic area are outlined within the plan, with a single goal or objective overlapping multiple topics. The following summarizes the four big ideas of the 2040 Comprehensive Plan related to the zoning code update: PRESERVE SMALL TOWN CHARACTER This objective in the comprehensive plan is not directed towards avoiding change; indeed, the comprehensive plan recognizes that the city must continue to evolve to maintain population and a high quality of life. However, any change should respect the small town feel of Hastings, meaning zoning should guide new infill development to fit with the context of the city’s existing neighborhoods and locate new more intensive development in appropriate areas of the city. The comprehensive plan discusses the need to maintain the edge of Hastings as a clear line between the urban area of the city and the rural surroundings. In terms of zoning, the regulations for new development should maintain that concept by directing new development with clear standards for streets, blocks, open space, and a mix of housing and other uses. Compact, walkable development, consistent with the area of Original Hastings, is repeated multiple times throughout the comprehensive plan. The zoning update will reinforce this concept through standards that focus on building scale and massing, oriented to the public space of the street. ENHANCE HASTINGS ECONOMIC COMPETITIVENESS Zoning can help maintain or enhance economic competitiveness in multiple ways. First, maintaining population and providing housing for people The Plan In late December 2020, the City of Hastings adopted an updated comprehensive plan. The plan provides the fundamental foundation for the rezoning update and identifies several specific, zoning-related actions that will help set the community’s vision into motion. City of HASTINGS Zoning Code Update | Assessment and Project Direction Report August 22, 20244 Contents 4-39 FUTURE LAND USE MAPHastings 2040 Comprehensive Plan 0 1,500 3,000750Feet Current City Limits Floodplain & Wetland ProtectionAgriculture Low Density ResidentialMedium Density Residential High Density Residential Mixed Use Commercial Industrial & UtilityInstitutional ParksUpland Conservation Area Golf Course Forecasted Residential Growth Areas New Low Density Residential GrowthNew Medium Density Residential Growth New High Density Residential GrowthMixed Use Redevelopment Upper Story Redvelopment (Commercial on Ground Floor) Low Density 3-6 Units Per AcreMedium Density 8-20 Units Per AcreHigh Density 20-30 Units Per AcreMixed Use 10-30 Units Per Acre Residential Density Ranges supports local businesses and reinforces downtown. Ensuring that the zoning update allows for a diverse mix of housing supports this concept. Second, providing a mix of commercial or mixed-use zones that cluster appropriate uses into nodes or districts around the city enhances the sustainability of businesses in those districts. And, third, maintaining well-located industrial and business park locations within the city ensures the potential for employment uses to be located within the city, close to housing and services. PROTECT NEIGHBORHOODS & THE DOWNTOWN Related to preserving the small town character is the goal of protecting existing places the community cares deeply about, including their neighborhoods and the downtown. As mentioned above, any new infill that might occur within these existing areas should be context-sensitive, guiding building design to fit within the area, while allowing Hastings to grow. PROTECT AND ENHANCE NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS The city’s floodplain and wetland regulations already establishes a system for protecting the Mississippi and Vermillion Rivers and their surrounding lakes and natural areas. In terms of the zoning update, the regulations should protect or enhance elements of the natural environment. Such practices as sustainable design practices, maintaining tree canopies and landscaping, adding street trees, and addressing steep slopes can be managed in the code. The larger concept outlined by the comprehensive plan, however, is to preserve the surrounding landscapes by directing growth into the city. This translates to balancing infill and redevelopment within the city while still protecting the small town character of Hastings. City of HASTINGS Zoning Code Update | Assessment and Project Direction Report August 22, 2024 5 Contents Relevant Implementation Actions from the 2040 Comprehensive Plan LAND USE • Update the zoning for consistency with the Future Land Use Plan map, supporting a mix of land uses throughout the city. • Support contiguous growth and infill within the existing community in a compact, context-sensitive manner, while preserving the distinction between urban and rural areas. • Continue to support the development of a mix of housing types, including detached houses, twinhouses, townhomes, apartment units, and senior housing, especially in new neighborhoods. • Include parks and small commercial areas within new neighborhoods within a walkable, bikeable traditional neighborhood designs. • Preserve locations for higher density residential development in support of more affordable housing, while utilizing the site plan review process to ensure the developments are pleasing and complement the site. Reduce minimum lot area requirements. • Preserve the urban design pattern in the downtown with a mix of ground story retail and upper level residential uses in the core, surrounded by multiple family housing as a transition to surrounding neighborhoods, consistent with the Heart of Hastings Master Plan. • Support the redevelopment of the Vermillion Street Corridor consistent with the Vermillion Street Corridor Study and as an “Activity Center” of intensified development. • Promote infill and reinvestment in the central neighborhoods consistent with the context of the traditional neighborhoods and their established form outlined in the Original Hastings Design Standards. • Protect prime farmland by such practices as zoning prime agricultural land for no more than 1 house per 40 acres or by cluster housing. • Preserve, incorporate, and connect natural areas in the city such as steep slopes, significant vegetation, and water resources in the design of new development. • Provide criteria for typical elements of incompatible land uses, such as traffic, hours of operation, building design, and landscape buffering. • Create a district consistent with the business park category of the land use plan. • Encourage fuel/charging stations for low emissions vehicles. • Promote solar access and the use of solar energy. TRANSPORTATION • Support connected, walkable and bikeable local streets to encourage slow traffic. Require sidewalks and streetscape on new developments. • Encourage the development of rear building facades adjacent to Levee Park and other connections between the marina and downtown. The following table summarizes some of the key goals and objectives outlined in the comprehensive plan related to the zoning update: City of HASTINGS Zoning Code Update | Assessment and Project Direction Report August 22, 20246 Contents June 2003 A Plan for the Heart of Hastings Improving on the OriginalImproving on the Original A Plan for the Heart of Hastings Prepared for: Hastings Housing and Redevelopment Authority Prepared by: Hoisington Koegler Group Inc. with Claybaugh Preservation Architecture Inc. Bonz/REA WSB and Associates, Inc. MMC Associates IBI Group PIN E S T . June 2003 City of HASTINGS Zoning Code Update | Assessment and Project Direction Report August 22, 2024 7 Contents Relevant Implementation Actions from the 2040 Comprehensive Plan COMMUNITY DESIGN • Use land development regulations to preserve, highlight, and interpret the unique cultural history and natural environment and define key exterior architectural components. • Design new neighborhoods to reflect the best qualities of the traditional neighborhoods of the city with a diversity of housing types. • Maintain the traditional urban character of established neighborhoods. • Encourage new neighborhoods to enhance and maintain trees and other landscape. • Improve the appearance of major corridors through site planning; Vermillion Street plan is a “good example.” • Incorporate parks and interconnected greenways through neighborhoods and commercial districts. • Protect the scale of residential neighborhoods, while becoming more urban along Vermillion and along Hwy 55. • New development along major corridors should be reviewed for key design elements, including landscape, building location, lighting, signs, parking lots, and streetscaping to ensure it relates to scale, massing, and materials on the corridor. • Ensure pedestrian access between businesses, neighborhoods, and corridors and that development is at a pedestrian scale. • Carry forward design aspects of the city’s traditional neighborhoods, including narrow lots, shallow front setbacks, continuous sidewalks, street trees, recessed garages, interconnected streets. • Create context-sensitive regulations to encourage infill in existing neighborhoods, whether single-unit or multi-unit, to share design elements. Reduce nonconforming structure characteristics as well. • Identify existing neighborhood locations in existing diversity of use to accommodate neighborhood- scale mixed-use. • In commercial districts (downtown and along Vermillion Street), establish design standards for mixed- use, pedestrian-oriented development, including building placement, entrances close to the sidewalk, parking in the rear or side (not in front), screening of parking, building height and massing compatible with the context, other streetscape elements. • Support larger-scaled mixed-use development along Hwy 55 and other newer commercial areas, incorporating strategies such as “liner” buildings along the street, reoriented buildings to new internal streets, and introducing housing and public space. • Discourage large housing projects that consist of a single building type; provide a diversity of types and apply design standards such as pitched roofs, articulated facades, visible entrances, porches, balconies, 3-4 stories, defined outdoor spaces, and parking in the rear. ECONOMIC COMPETITIVENESS • Maintain an inventory of business and industrial sites with transportation access. • Implement the Vermillion Street Corridor Study. • Celebrate Hastings’ sense of place. City of HASTINGS Zoning Code Update | Assessment and Project Direction Report August 22, 20248 Contents Relevant Implementation Actions from the 2040 Comprehensive Plan HOUSING • Remove barriers to aging in place for existing and new development. • Increase the amount of housing designs for and affordable for multi-generational living. • Support zoning standards for a variety of housing types. • Allow for the design of neighborhoods that integrate a range of housing types, densities, and costs, consistent with the character and vision of the city. • Promote the preservation and maintenance of existing housing stock. • Encourage infill development in existing residential areas. • Continue to emphasize downtown as a residential neighborhood with housing above commercial. • Pursue redevelopment projects to provide higher density housing within close proximity to the downtown. • Evaluate zoning code revisions to allow accessory apartments, mother-in-law apartments, granny flats, or other alternative housing forms. • Evaluate vacant land areas for potential zoning for high and medium density housing. • Focus on resiliency by using compact and connected development to reduce auto-dependency, solar energy, energy use reductions. City of HASTINGS Zoning Code Update | Assessment and Project Direction Report August 22, 2024 9 Contents Recommendations The following pages present broadly framed observations and preliminary recommendations for updates to the city’s zoning code (Chapter 155 of the Hastings municipal code). These recommendations are intended to serve as the starting point for discussion before beginning work on the update. Recommendations can and will be revised and tailored in response to local reviews and issues encountered as the project proceeds. It is important to point out that any shortcomings stated or implied are not intended to reflect poorly on previous authors or upon public officials and staff charged with administering them. The types of issues identified here are commonplace, as land use and planning policies evolve and as regulations are incrementally revised in response to ever-emerging issues. 1. Create Context-Sensitive Neighborhood Zoning The previous section of this report, “The Plan,” outlines the recommendations in the comprehensive plan related to zoning and highlights key principles to address as part of the zoning code update. Throughout the comprehensive plan, diversity of housing is called for throughout the community, and the importance of context-sensitive design is also repeatedly expressed. Many of the city’s current residential zoning districts allow for a multiple units of housing, with the exception of the R-1 and R-1L zones designated to mainly allow low-density housing. The other R zones allow for a range of single-family, 2-family and multi- family housing, with the R-2 zone accommodating a smaller minimum lot size for single-family houses than the R-1 and R-1L zones. While the R-2 zone has been used in new suburban- style developments in order to achieve more compact development, the original intent of the R-2 was to serve the traditional neighborhoods in Original Hastings. In fact, the Original Hastings Design Standards (OHDS) are incorporated within the zoning code’s R-2 district provisions. See item 14 for a description of proposed zoning districts and their contexts. To better align with the 2040 comprehensive plan, the updated zoning regulations should clearly accommodate a wider range of housing options in zoning districts that address the different existing and desired context areas of the city as follows: • Focusing on building scale and design-based regulations as the chief controls on multi-unit residential buildings; • Allowing small-scale, multi-unit residential buildings in more locations/districts, including as a transition between low-density residential and higher intensity areas; • Adjusting minimum lot area requirements, as needed, to address lawfully created (nonconforming) lots. • Adding design standards to new neighborhood developments to recess garages and add front porches along with streetscape. • Allowing accessory dwelling units in appropriate neighborhoods (see recommendation item 6: Address Accessory Uses and Structures). City of HASTINGS Zoning Code Update | Assessment and Project Direction Report August 22, 202410 Contents TABLE 3.1-1. PRINCIPAL USE TABLE USE CATEGORY DISTRICTS Re f e r e n c e Use Subcategory A DX 1 DX 2 DX R MX 1 MX 2 MX 3 RX 1 RX 2 CX EX I1 I2 N1 , N 2 , N 3 , N 4 , N 5 NX 1 NX 2 , N X 2 a NX 3 NM P1 P2 Specific Use Type Stable 4 ––––––––––––––––––– Veterinary 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 –––––––3.5.2 Assembly and Entertainment Small –4 4 4 0 4 4 0 4 4 4 ––––0 0 ––0 3.4.3 Large –4 4 4 –4 4 –4 4 4 –––––0 ––0 3.4.3 Broadcast or Recording Studio –4 4 ––8 4 –4 4 4 4 4 ––––––4 3.5.4 Business or Trade School –4 4 4 8 8 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 –––––––3.5.5 Commercial Service Consumer Maintenance and Repair –4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 –––––––––3.5.6 Personal Service –4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 –––––––––3.5.6 Studio or Instructional Service –4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 –––––––3.5.6 Day Care –4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 –––––––––3.5.7 Day Services, Adult –4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 –––––––––3.5.8 Eating and Drinking Places Restaurant –4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 –––––––––3.5.9 Bar –0*0*0*–0*0*––0*0*–––––––––3.5.9 Financial Service (except as below)–4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 –––––––––3.5.10 Check Cashing ––––––4 ––4 ––––––––––3.5.10 Pawnshop ––––––4 ––4 ––––––––––3.5.10 Delayed Deposit Service ––––––4 ––4 ––––––––––3.5.10 Bail Bonds ––––––4 ––4 ––––––––––3.5.10 Funeral or Mortuary Service –––––––4 –4 4 4 4 –––––––3.5.11 Lodging Bed & Breakfast 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 –––0 0 0 0 –––3.5.12 Hotel/Motel –4 4 4 –8 4 4 4 4 4 –––––––––3.5.12 Short-Term Rental 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 –––0 0 0 0 –––3.5.12 Office Business or Professional –4 4 4 8 8 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ––––––4 3.5.13 Medical –4 4 4 8 8 4 4 4 4 4 ––––––––4 3.5.13 Parking, Non-accessory –0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*4 4 –––––0*0*3.5.14 Retail Sales Limited –4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ––––––––––3.5.15 General –4 4 4 –4 4 ––4 ––––––––––3.5.15 Large-Format –4 0 ––––––4 ––––––––––3.5.15 KeY: 4=permitted by right | 8=permitted on upper floors only | 0=requires conditional use approval | *supplemental use regulations apply | –=prohibited w=permitted by right where district includes “-2” extension | r=permitted by right where district includes “-4” extension 134-3-4 DRAFT134-3. USeS Principal Uses DRAFT July 26, 2017 Sample Use Table 2. Refine and Codify Design Standards The intent behind the Original Hastings Design Standards (OHDS) is to ensure that new infill and redevelopment fits within the context of the older, traditional areas of the city. While the intent of the standards rings true, the actual standards could be clarified for more predictable results. To the maximum extent possible, these new regulations should consist of objective, measurable criteria, thereby enabling a determination of compliance through an efficient, administrative site plan review process. The OHDS should be translated into a set of clear regulations for single- and multi-unit infill housing within the Original Hastings neighborhood via a house typology. The architectural standards within the current code mainly focus on building materials should be updated to list modern materials and simplified facade design. The materials requirements should be refined based upon built results, and additional objective architectural standards can be applied where appropriate. The applicability of the architectural standards should be clearly outlined, including how minor and major building renovations and additions are handled. City of HASTINGS Zoning Code Update | Assessment and Project Direction Report August 22, 2024 11 Contents 3. Use Clear, Objective Standards within the Commercial Zones The city’s current zoning regulations for the commercial districts, the C zones, do not currently include any building siting or height standards. These building requirements are established during the site plan review process. To the extent possible, the city’s updated regulations should make greater use of clear, objective development regulations, which will, in turn, enable more efficient staff-level review and decision- making and a more predictable framework for approval of projects that meet the city’s defined objectives for high-quality development. After all, an efficient, transparent development approval process is one of the best economic development incentives a city can offer. 4. Incorporate the Vermillion Street Corridor Overlay The Vermillion Street Corridor Study is referenced multiple times throughout the comprehensive plan as both an excellent example of a corridor study and a tool to use for redevelopment of the corridor. The Vermillion Street Overlay within the existing zoning code is very basic, mainly listing special permit uses and prohibited uses. During site plan review, projects within the overlay requires the maintenance of existing buildings to utilize the Original Hastings Design Guidelines. Objective standards will be written, using the Vermillion Street Corridor Study and the Original Hastings Design Guidelines as a framework. Further, the new regulations should consider the subareas defined within the Vermillion Street Corridor Study, establishing context-sensitive zones for each subarea. 5. Update Employment Zones Across the country, municipalities are updating their industrial and business park zones to ensure the maintenance of places for manufacturing and related businesses. With two industrial zones mapped in distinct locations within the city, minor updates are anticipated to these zones, mainly focusing on preserving the zones for appropriate uses and ensuring outdoor storage is managed. As the planning process rolls out on the westside of town along the Highway 55 corridor, a new zone or modifications to existing zones will occur to ensure the appropriate tools are in place. 6. Modernize Use Regulations Hastings’ current zoning code lists many residential, business, civic/institutional and other uses that may—or may not—be allowed in one zoning district or another. These “use regulations” and the way in which principal uses are classified and defined should be updated. The current code’s use typology could be simplified and collapsed into a more concise and logical use classification system that includes just a few dozen broad land use categories. This change would modernize an outmoded system and allow the city to better respond to economic and business cycle changes. In addition to updating the way in which land uses are classified, the new zoning code should present use regulations in tabular format, rather than the current practice of including long lists of allowed uses within the pages of each zoning district. A single use table will be easier to understand and, importantly, much easier to keep up-to-date and accurate as use regulations are amended in the future. 7. Address Accessory Uses and Structures While modernizing the principal use regulations is surely important, much of the day-to-day work of zoning administration involves accessory uses and structures. In zoning parlance, accessory uses and structures are typically characterized as activities or structures that are subordinate and incidental to the principal use or building on the property and that are customarily found in association with such principal use or structure. As such, accessory use and structure regulations are very important for residents as they seek to understand applicable regulations governing structures such as fences, City of HASTINGS Zoning Code Update | Assessment and Project Direction Report August 22, 202412 Contents decks, sheds, docks, garages, and play equipment and activities such as home-based work, accessory apartments, and short-term rentals. The city’s current accessory use and structure regulations are scattered throughout various sections of the zoning code. As part of the update, all accessory use and structure regulations should be consolidated, and modified as necessary to address known issues. Specifically, as part of the update, the consultant team will work with staff to update the accessory structures in terms of the number allowed and their contribution to overall lot coverage. Fence heights will also be reviewed, specifically as they relate to corner lots. In accordance with the housing recommendations of the comprehensive plan, we will also offer new accessory dwelling unit (ADU) zoning provisions to be considered for inclusion in the updated zoning code. 8. Revamp “Planned Unit Development” Provisions The state’s enabling legislation allows for PUD (planned unit development) district regulations that provide flexibility by allowing prospective developers to essentially propose their own zoning and development standards, subject to consistency with the comprehensive plan and review and approval by the city council. The theory behind the PUD zoning tool is that it can be used to accommodate development that would be difficult or impossible to carry out under otherwise applicable zoning regulations. The process of establishing PUD zoning involves more upfront planning and public involvement than does a standard rezoning. While PUD-style zoning provisions are found in most older zoning regulations, communities are increasingly moving away from this type of open-ended, unpredictable approach and towards large-scale development regulations that offer greater certainty for property owners and the community as a whole. The updated zoning regulations should include a revamped version of the PUD tool that will retain needed flexibility, while at the same time ensuring that large-scale redevelopments result in an overall system of walkable streets and blocks, smaller-scaled open spaces, and a mix of uses and building forms. The existing Planned Residential Development (PRD) regulations and the cluster development allowance located within many zones will be incorporated as well as a mixed-use version of the PUD. The process for approval of such large-scale developments will require approval of an overall (concept) plan to more detailed final development plans when individual phases of the project are carried out. 9. Consolidate and Update Landscape Regulations The city’s landscape buffer and tree regulations in Section 155.53 will be reorganized and updated to include reasonable landscaping requirements for both small and large sites. These regulations should reflect plan goals for walkable streets and mixed- use development patterns to more clearly state expectations for on site landscape and right-of-way streetscape treatments. The updated regulations should acknowledge a variety of site conditions and constraints and allow for administrative flexibility. Additionally, the regulations will update and codify the tree preservation policy currently in place. 10. Clarify Sign Regulations Hastings’ sign regulations appear to be comprehensive in nature and have recently been updated to follow a content-neutral approach, consistent with established law. The existing regulations will be reorganized and updated as necessary to provide greater clarity, but few substantive modifications are anticipated at this time. 11. Rethink Parking Requirements The zoning code update process will provide an opportunity to review the city’s parking needs and suggest options to modernize and “right-size” the standards to fit Hastings’ current needs. Reducing existing minimum parking requirements could offer several advantages, including reduction of City of HASTINGS Zoning Code Update | Assessment and Project Direction Report August 22, 2024 13 Contents hard-surfaced areas, more efficient stormwater management, and better control over the “urban heat island” effect. Lowering the amount of area devoted to surface parking can also reap community appearance benefits and improve safety, comfort and access for non-motorized travelers. Other parking-related changes that may be considered include: • Requiring greater provision of bicycle parking, including short-term (visitor) spaces and long- term (tenant/employee) spaces; • Allowing greater flexibility for meeting parking and transportation access demands; • Expressly allowing the use of pervious paving materials and bioretention areas within parking lots; • Requiring parking (and charging stations) for electric vehicles within large parking lots; and • Adding vehicle stacking (and escape lane) requirements for drive-through uses. 12. Consolidate Administrative and Procedural Provisions The zoning code update project will present multiple opportunities to reformat information in a more understandable and easy-to-follow manner. For, example, many administrative and procedural provisions related to the zoning board of adjustment and appeals and the planning commission are currently located outside of the zoning code. These provisions should be removed from Chapter 30 of the municipal code and consolidated into a single article of the new zoning code (Chapter 155). Moving the variance and special use provisions (to become “conditional use” provisions) to the zoning code’s procedures article will make the regulations easier to use and understand and help ensure efficiency and consistency in zoning administration. 13. Avoid Creating Nonconformities and Reduce Need for Variances In zoning parlance, “nonconformities” are uses, lots, and structures that were established in compliance with regulations in effect at the time of establishment, but that no longer comply with zoning regulations because the rules were changed—or were first instituted—after such situations were established. Nonconforming status could be related to virtually anything now addressed by current controls, including failure to meet current use, lot size (area or width), building setback or building height regulations. Nonconforming status can sometimes result in regulatory or procedural hassles for property owners. As part of the zoning code update, care should be taken to ensure that new or modified regulations do not create needless nonconformities or pose a significant stumbling block to context- appropriate redevelopment activities in the city. Similarly, consideration should be given to revising existing zoning regulations that are repeatedly waived or modified through the zoning variance process since commonly approved zoning variances can be a signal of regulations that do not match on- the-ground conditions or community values. 14. Promote Sustainability and Resiliency The zoning code update project offers an opportunity to advance sustainability and environmental resiliency goals from the comprehensive plan. The updated regulations should accommodate and promote sustainable development practices through the removal of unintended barriers and the inclusion of appropriate regulations and incentives that address such issues as: • The use of renewable energy sources; • Promotion of green development practices, including low-impact infrastructure solutions; • Zoning for community gardens and farmers markets and other forms of urban agriculture; • Connectivity and walkability; and • Continued protection of flood-prone areas and sensitive natural resources. City of HASTINGS Zoning Code Update | Assessment and Project Direction Report August 22, 202414 Contents Current Chapter 155 Zoning General Provisions 155.01 Establishment of Districts; Official Zoning Map 155.02 Definitions 155.03 Generally 155.04 Rules for Interpretation of District Boundaries 155.05 Application of District Regulations 155.06 Nonconforming Lots, Uses of Land, Structures, Uses of Structures and Premises, Characteristics of Use 155.07 Special Provisions 155.08 Signs 155.09 Parking and Loading Requirements 155.10 Small Wireless Facilities and Wireless Support Structures in Right of Way Districts 155.20 Generally 155.21 A Agriculture 155.22 R-1 Low Density Residence 155.22.5 R-1L Low Density Residence Large Lot 155.23 R-2 Medium Density Residence 155.24 R-3 Medium High Density Residence 155.25 R-4 High Density Residence 155.26 RMU Residential Mixed Use 155.27 R-6 Manufactured Home Residence 155.28 C-1 General Commerce 155.29 C-2 Highway Auto Sales and Service 155.30 C-3 Community Regional Commerce 155.31 DC Downtown Core 155.32 C-4 Regional Shoppping Center 155.33 O-1 General Office 155.34 I-1 Industrial Park 155.35 I-2 Industrial Park Storage/Service 155.36 PI Public Institution 155.37 VSO Vermillion Street Overlay Current Chapter 155 Zoning Supplemental Regulations 155.50 Residential District Lot Regulations 155.51 Site Plan Review Procedure 155.52 Architectural Standards 155.53 Landscape Standards 155.53.5 Exterior Lighting Standards 155.54 Administration and Enforcement 155.55 Construction and Use to be as Proved in Applications , Plans,and Permits 155.56 Amendments 155.57 Provisions Declared to be Minimum Requirements 155.58 Complaints Regarding Violations 155.59 Fees 155.98 Violations PROPOSED Chapter 155 Zoning 155.010 Introductory Language 155.020 Residential Zones 155.030 Mixed-Use and Commercial Zones 155.040 Special Zones 155.050 Principal Uses 155.060 Accessory Uses and Structures 155.070 Building Design 155.080 Landscape and Site Design 155.090 Parking 155.100 Signs 155.110 Administration and Enforcement 155.120 Procedures 155.130 Nonconformities 155.140 Measurements & Definitions City of HASTINGS Zoning Code Update | Assessment and Project Direction Report August 22, 2024 15 Contents Code Structure The city’s current zoning are codified in Chapter 155 of the Hastings municipal code. One important goal for the zoning code update project is to ensure that the city’s updated regulations are easier to use and understand than their present-day counterparts. Substantive regulations should be clear, comprehensive and internally consistent. Administrative and procedural provisions should be streamlined, consistent and easy to understand. The regulations should be logically organized, well-formatted and easy to use. The following outlines a preliminary recommendation for reorganizing and structuring the new code. The purpose of this recommendation is to introduce a proposed new code structure with which to begin the drafting process. This recommended structure will be revised and tailored in response to local reviews and issues encountered as the project proceeds. 15. Reorganize As is true of most older codes, the way in which information is organized and presented in the current code could be improved to promote easier navigation and better understanding. Many important provisions, particularly in the zoning code, are obscured by placement in sections with very general titles. The zoning code’s “General Provisions” section, for example, contains multiple “buried” sections dealing with important zoning topics, such as accessory uses and structures, parking, and nonconformities…to name a few. Likewise, “Supplemental Regulations” section contains the residential lot regulations table, landscape standards, and the site plan review procedure. See “Proposed Chapter 155 Zoning” table on the previous page for a recommended code organization. The proposed numbering shown would allow for new sections to be added in between. Within each section, items will be number to match the current structure as follows: Section 155.010 155.010.A 155.010.A.1 155.010.A.1.a 155.010.A.1.a(1) The goal is to avoid sections such as “special provisions” or “general regulations” in order to more quickly locate items within the table of contents. For example, items such as solar panels and home occupations, which are accessory structures and uses respectively, would be located in the accessory uses and structures section. 16. Include Tables and Illustrations The existing regulations contain very few tables and lack explanatory graphics or illustrations. Presenting key regulations in tables can help eliminate repetition, as well as the types of inconsistencies and internal conflicts that can occur when the same City of HASTINGS Zoning Code Update | Assessment and Project Direction Report August 22, 202416 Contents regulations are restated in multiple sections of a code. The new regulations should also include illustrations and graphics—instead of just long passages of text—to help convey the meaning of regulatory concepts. 17. Update Format and Layout Modern zoning codes use distinct, variable-size typefaces for section and subsection headings, with indented or “nested” text to help indicate the hierarchical nature of code sections, subsections and paragraphs. Graphics and illustrations should be used to enhance the document’s visual appearance and improve its readability. In many cases, the graphics will be keyed to requirements in tables. For the review process, the zoning code will be exported into PDF format, with page headers and footers and digitally linked references to allow for easier navigation. 18. Rename & Add Zones The tables on the following page outline a proposed approach to developing new context-sensitive zones for Hastings. The zoning update also provides a unique opportunity to update the naming protocol for zones. The following outlines a naming protocol with clear identifiers to not only help for rezonings, but provides a quick identifier for the general intent for the zone. Especially where the requirements for a zoning district change significantly, it can be confusing to retain existing names. The proposed zones introduces or replaces old zones as follows: • Introduces a new small lot suburban zone (R-S3) for use in new development locations where R-2 was previously used. z z z z z z Preapplication Meeting Application Filing (with Zoning Administrator) Staff Review/Recommendation Planning Commission Review and Recommendation CityCouncil Hearing and Final Decision Neighbor Communications Approve Deny Flowcharts, such as the sample presented above, will be used to summarize the development review procedures. City of HASTINGS Zoning Code Update | Assessment and Project Direction Report August 22, 2024 17 Contents Existing Zones KEY NAME A Agriculture R-1 Low Density Residence R-1L Low Density Residence Large Lot R-2 Medium Density Residence R-3 Medium High Density Residence R-4 High Density Residence RMU Residential Mixed Use R-6 Manufactured Home Residence C-1 General Commerce C-2 Highway Auto Sales and Service C-3 Community Regional Commerce DC Downtown Core C-4 Regional Shopping Center O-1 General Office I-1 Industrial Park I-2 Industrial Park Storage/Service PI Public Institution VSO Vermillion Street Overlay Preliminary Proposed Zones KEY NAME Generally Replaces: A Agriculture -- R-S1 Suburban Residential, Large Lot R-1L R-S2 Suburban Residential, Medium Lot R-1 R-S3 Suburban Residential, Small Lot R-2 R-T Traditional Residential R-2 RX-N Residential Mix- Neighborhood R-3 RX-C Residential Mix- Corridor R-4 R-MH Manufactured Home Residence R-6 MX-D Mixed-Use Downtown DC MX-N Mixed-Use Neighborhood [may not need based on mapping] MX-C Mixed-Use Corridor C-1, C-3 CX Commercial Mix C-2, C-3 GX-C General Mix - Corridor Scale O-1 GX-N General Mix - Neighborhood Scale RMU [may not need based on mapping] I1 Industrial Park -- I2 Industrial Park Storage/Service -- P1 Parks & Open Space PI P2 Public & Institutional PI BUILDING FORM/USE IDENTIFIER R = Residential, mainly detached house neighborhoods RX = Residential Mix, allowing a mix of mostly multi- unit and attached housing types MX = Mixed-Use, vertically mixed with a required storefront base (usually retail, restaurant, service focused ground story) CX = Commercial Mix, single-use, larger-scale or auto-focused uses and buildings (big box, automotive, car sales) GX = General Mix, allowing residential, offices, services on all floors, usually with an allowance for limited retail and restaurant uses GEOGRAPHIC IDENTIFIER (dash (“-”) after building form-use identifier) -S = Suburban, intended for use outside the Original Hastings core -T = Traditional, intended for use in the Original Hastings core and any new locations intended to replicate that form -D = Downtown specific -N = Neighborhood Context, lower in height -C = Corridor Context, including developments larger in scale than the neighborhood context and located proximate to a major corridor through the city (Highway 55 or Vermillion St. (61)) City of HASTINGS Zoning Code Update | Assessment and Project Direction Report August 22, 202418 Contents 3-7CITY OF HOPKINS MNEffective July 28, 2022 Article 3 Mixed-Use Zones 102-360 Storefront Building Type 102-360 Storefront Building Type 102-360 (a) DESCRIPTION AND INTENTThe Storefront building type is intended for use in the downtown, along corridors, and at neighborhood nodes, accommodating shopping, services, and eating establishments in a mixed-use building. Oriented to the street with narrow or no side setbacks, this building type is highly accessible to the pedestrian. Ground story storefront glass, entrances along the sidewalk, and windows in upper stories facing the street make these buildings interesting and inviting to pedestrians. Parking, where provided, is located mainly in the rear yard. 102-360 (b) ILLUSTRATIVE IMAGESThe images shown in Figure 360-A are intended to illustrate the general character of the building type. Many of the buildings and sites in each image predate these regulations and may not meet all building type regulations. 102-360 (c) BUILDING REGULATIONSThe following tables and illustrations regulate this specific building type. See 102-350 for general regulations for all building types. See Article 16 for definitions and measuring table regulations. Figure 360-A. Examples of Storefront Building Type Storefront BuildingStorefront Building Allowable Building Area KEY Setback Zone Porch Encroachment AreaLot Line Building Setback Line KEY Potential Building FootprintParking Location Attached Parking Allowed Lot LineParking Setback Line Major Accessory Structures & UsesMajor Accessory Structures & Uses Allowable Building Area KEY Setback ZonePorch Encroachment Area Lot LineBuilding Setback Line KEY Potential Building Footprint Parking Location Attached Parking AllowedLot Line Parking Setback Line Major Accessory Structures & UsesMajor Accessory Structures & Uses 3-8 Development CodeCITY OF HOPKINS MN Article 3 Mixed-Use Zones 102-360 Storefront Building Type ZONES Additional/ReferencesMX-TOD MX-D MX-N MX-S120-360 (d) BUILDING SITING. See Figure 360-B qq Front Streetwall 90% min� 75% min� 50% min�75% min� See courtyard, outdoor dining allowances per 102-360 (i)� Minimum pedestrian area required per 102-350 (f)�Through-lots addressed per 102-360 (i)�(2)�See 102-1620 (f) for measuring and allowed encroachments into setbacks� ww Front Street Setback 0 ft� min� 15 ft� max�0 ft� 5 ft� max�0 ft� min� 15 ft� max�7�5 ft� min� 25 ft� max� ee Non-Front Street Setbacks 0 ft� min�15 ft� max�0 ft� min�15 ft� max�0 ft� min�15 ft� max�5 ft� min�20 ft� max� rr Side Setback 0 ft� min�0 ft� min�0 ft� min�; 5 ft� abutting different existing building type 5 ft� min� See 102-1620 (f) for measuring and allowed encroachments into setbacksBuffer required adjacent to N zones per 102-360 (i)�(3)tt Rear Setback 0 min� at 20-ft� wide alley; 10 ft� min� 10 ft� min� at alley; 20 ft� min� 10 ft� min� at alley; 20 ft� min� 20 ft� min� yy Impervious Site Coverage Additional Semi-Pervious Coverage 85% max�+15%85% max�+15% 85% max�+15% 75% max�+20%See 102-1620 (g) for measuring site coverage� Figure 360-B. Storefront Building Siting tt tt ee ee rr rr qq qqww wwFront StreetFront StreetFront StreetFront Street Non - F r o n t S t r e e t Non - F r o n t S t r e e t Non - F r o n t S t r e e t Non - F r o n t S t r e e t yyyymaximum site maximum site coveragecoverage 3-10 Development CodeCITY OF HOPKINS MN Article 3 Mixed-Use Zones 102-360 Storefront Building Type ZONES Additional/ReferencesMX-TOD MX-D MX-N MX-S120-360 (f) HEIGHT. See Figure 360-D 1!1!Height 3 stories min�10 stories max�2 story min�4 stories max�1 story min�2�5 stories max� 1 story min�4 stories max�See 102-360 (i) for regulations adjacent to N zones� 1#1#Ground Story Height 14 ft� min�18 ft� max�12 ft� min� 15 ft� max�12 ft� min�15 ft� max�14 ft� min�18 ft� max�Measured floor-to-floor� See 102-1620 (f) and 102-1620 (k) for measuring heights and 102-1620 (l) for height exceptions� See 102-360 (i) for allowed additional height for large format stores� – 12 ft� min� height with 6 ft� height parapet 14 ft� min� height with 6 ft� height parapetrequired for single story building 1$1$Upper Story Height 9 ft� min�14 ft max�9 ft� min�12 ft max�9 ft� min�12 ft max�9 ft� min�14 ft max�120-360 (g) ROOFS. See Figure 360-D 1%1%Roof Types Flat, Parapet Parapet Parapet, Pitched Flat, Parapet, Pitched See 102-720 for roof types and tower regulationsTowerAllowed – – Allowed Figure 360-D. Storefront Building Height 1#1# 1$1$ 1$1$ 1$1$ 1$1$ 1!1! 1@1@ 1%1% 1%1% 2)2)Front StreetFront Street Allo w e d Allo w e d Par k i n g i n Par k i n g i n Build i n g Build i n g ii ww 3-11CITY OF HOPKINS MNEffective July 28, 2022 Article 3 Mixed-Use Zones 102-360 Storefront Building Type Figure 360-E. Storefront Street Facade ZONES Additional/ReferencesMX-TOD MX-D MX-N MX-S 120-360 (h) STREET FACADES. See Figure 360-E 1^1^Ground Story Transparency on Front Facades 75% min�65% min�65% min�65% min�See 102-1620 (m) for measuring transparency�Measured between 2 ft� and 10 ft� from sidewalk grade� No bays or 15 ft� wide sections of any story on a front facade may be without transparency Ground story transparency must extend min� 20 ft� around the corner down any street-side facades� 1&1&Transparency: Front Upper Stories Non-Front Stories 20% min�12% min�18% min�15% min�18% min�15% min�18% min�15% min�Measured per story, includes any half stories, visible basement, or full floor height towers� See 102-1620 (m) for measuring� No 15 ft� wide sections of any story on a front facade may be without transparency 1*1*Building Entrance Location One per every 50 feet of front facade See 102-1620 (n) for measuring� 1(1(Entrance Transition Type Storefront Storefront Storefront Storefront See 102-730 for entrance transition types� 2)2)Ground Story Elevation Within 30 inches of sidewalk elevation 2!2!Horizontal Divisions with Shadow Lines Within 3 ft� of the top of any story between the basement and 3rd story, and at any 5th or higher story Horizontal shadow lines to run a min� 80% of length of facade� See 102-16210 for definition and measuring shadow lines�2@2@ Vertical Divisions with Shadow Lines One per every 60 ft� of ground story street facade One per every 45 ft� of ground story street facade One per every 60 ft� of ground story street facade 1(1(1^1^ 1%1% 2)2) 1&1& 2!2! 1*1(1*1(2@2@Front StreetFront Street typicaltypical upper storyupper story upper storyupper story ground storyground story City of HASTINGS Zoning Code Update | Assessment and Project Direction Report August 22, 2024 19 Contents • Replaces the Vermillion Street Overlay and the C-1 through C-4 zones with mixed-use (MX) zones and general mix (GX) zones • Splits the public and institutional zone into one for parks and open spaces (P1), and one for public and institutional buildings (P2). 19. Use Building Types to Organize Regulations With the goal of the zones being highly context- based, identification of a series of building types and house types can help users understand the intent of the regulations and increases the predictability of the built form within the city. The zoning update can be organized around these building types providing a simple way of laying out the code and accessing the information quickly and easily. Typically, each residential zone would include one or more house types, depending on the allowance of single- and multi-unit housing. Mixed-use or commercial zones might include multiple building types, allowing for an acceptable range of development where each building type works well adjacent to others allowed in the zone. Main-street style downtowns such as Hastings’ would typically only include a storefront building to reinforce the district’s existing character. Multi-unit developments would also allow a mix of building types, consistent with the idea of mixing housing and avoiding a large development of a single type of housing. The building types within these zones might include small and large apartment buildings, townhouses, and small-lot single-unit and multi-unit detached houses. House types might have fewer regulations, mainly focused on building siting, height, and yard requirements, but also might include garage setback requirements. Other building types might include a larger range of regulations, including facade elements such as a minimum amount of windows and doors on street facades. See an example building type layouts on the following pages.