llicitsTicwl3oeietl
<br />ASTIN GS AzEnI1T1.
<br />VOL. L. ---NO. 33.
<br />MAY FIRES.
<br />Ancient Scotch Custom Which Involved
<br />Human Sacrifice.
<br />Sir John Sinclair's "Statistical Ac-
<br />count of Scotland" contains notices of
<br />many old customs, which still contin-
<br />ued to be observed in the Highlands,
<br />though they were even then fast dying
<br />out. From the eleventh volume of that
<br />great work, which was published in
<br />1791 and the succeeding years, we
<br />learn, on the authority of the minister
<br />of Callender, Perthshire, that the boys
<br />of the township assembled in a body
<br />upon the moors on May day and pro-
<br />ceeded to dig a circular trench, leaving
<br />the soil in the center undisturbed, so as
<br />to form a low table of green turf suf-
<br />ficient in size to accommodate the
<br />whole party.
<br />They lighted a fire and prepared a
<br />custard of milk and eggs and a large
<br />oatmeal cake, which they baked upon a
<br />stone placed in the embers. When they
<br />had eaten the custard, they divided the
<br />cake into as many equal portions as
<br />there were persons in the assembly
<br />and daubed one of those pieces with
<br />charcoal until it was perfectly black.
<br />They then placed all the pieces of cake
<br />together in a bonnet, and each in turn
<br />drew one blindfolded, the holder of the
<br />bonnet being entitled to the last piece.
<br />The boy who drew the blackened por-
<br />tion was destined to be sacrified and
<br />was compelled to leap three times
<br />through the flames.
<br />Although the ceremony had degen-
<br />erated into a mere pastime for boys, it
<br />is evident that it must once upon a
<br />time have involved the actual sacrifice
<br />of a human being in order to render
<br />the coming summer fruitful.—Gentle-
<br />man's Magazine.
<br />A QUICK TOUCH.
<br />She Needed Money and Bent a Mes-
<br />sage That Would Fetch It.
<br />A day or two ago a woman entered
<br />a suburban telegraph office and said to
<br />the receiver of messages that she de-
<br />sired to telegraph her husband, who
<br />was away lu the country, to ask htm
<br />for money. He pointed her to the
<br />counter supplied with blanki and told
<br />her the rate for a dozen words. She
<br />struggled away for a quarter of an
<br />hour and then handed in the follow-
<br />ing:
<br />"Won't you please send me £5 by
<br />next post?"
<br />"I don't know whether that will do
<br />or not." she said as she felt for her
<br />purse. "If you were to receive such
<br />a telegram from your wife, would yon
<br />forward the money?'
<br />"Well—well, I might," he replied in
<br />doubtful tones.
<br />"Now, you wait. I don't like the
<br />telegram at all, because I tried to keep
<br />it within twelve words. I'll write an-
<br />other."
<br />She tore it up, walked over to the
<br />counter and in three minutes handed
<br />in a new one reading:
<br />"Am out of food and fuel and want
<br />£5 as soon as you can get it here. If
<br />yon can't spare it I'll pawn the parlor
<br />carpet"
<br />"That would bring the money from
<br />me," said the counter clerk as he read
<br />• the lines and marked the number of
<br />words.
<br />"Then it will from him. Send it
<br />quick."—London Tit -Bits.
<br />Investigating Grandpa.
<br />A grandfather, well known in the
<br />English house of commons, was chat-
<br />ting amicably with his little grand-
<br />daughter, who was snugly ensconced on
<br />his knee.
<br />"What makes your hair so white,
<br />grandpa?" the little miss queried.
<br />"I am very old, my dear; I was in
<br />the ark," replied his lordship, with a
<br />painful disregard of the troth.
<br />"Oh, yon are Noah?'
<br />"No."
<br />"Are you Shem, then?"
<br />"No, I am not Shem."
<br />"Are you Ham?"
<br />"No"
<br />"Then," said the little one, who wan
<br />fast nearing the limit of her Biblical
<br />knowledge, "yon must be Japheth."
<br />A negativ reply was given to this
<br />query also, fo the old gentleman in-
<br />wardly won what the outcome
<br />would be.
<br />"But, grandpa, if you are not Noah
<br />or Shem or Ham or Japheth yon must
<br />he a beast!"
<br />The Evil Eye.
<br />The "evil eye" was one of the many
<br />superstitions that at one time beset
<br />humanity in the time of its Ignorance.
<br />- It was believed throughout the middle
<br />ages that certain persons had the pow-
<br />er of cursing you by their glances, of
<br />subjecting you to the fascination which
<br />unopposed, blighted and destroyed you.
<br />Amulets of various forms were used
<br />against this much dreaded power as
<br />well as certain practices, such as laugh-
<br />ing, spitting and turning a somersault.
<br />—New York American.
<br />Doing Without the Dot.
<br />The small letter "1" was formerly
<br />written without the dot. The dot was
<br />introduced in the fourteenth century
<br />to disinguish "I" from "e" in hasty
<br />and indistinct writing. The letter "t"
<br />was originally- used where the letter
<br />"J" is now employed. The distinction
<br />between "I" and "j" was introduced by
<br />the Dutch printers at a comparatively
<br />recent date, and the "j" was dotted
<br />because the "I," from which it was de-
<br />rived, was written with a dot.
<br />Valu. of Religion.
<br />"Some people," said the Rev. Mr.
<br />Goodwin, "can never be made to ap-
<br />preciate the value of religion,"
<br />"That's right," replied Mainchantz,
<br />the merchant; "they don't know how
<br />to catch the church trade at all."—Phll-
<br />adelnhia Press.
<br />t, MINNESOTA
<br />HISTORICAL
<br />SOCIETY.
<br />HASTINGS. MINN.. SATURDAY. MAY 9, 1908.
<br />$1,000.00
<br />For Any Substance Injurious to Health
<br />Found in
<br />Calumet
<br />Baking Powder
<br />"Best By Test"
<br />The Only High Grade Baking Powder
<br />Sold at a Moderate Pries.
<br />Complies with all STATE and NATIONAL
<br />Pure Food Laws.
<br />Ail Grocers Are Authorized to Cuarantee This
<br />The
<br />RELIGIOUS HATRED.
<br />Intense Bitterness That Divide
<br />Islam and Hindooism.
<br />It is difficult to express the eterna
<br />and inevitable hatred and detestatio
<br />which bare always existed between th
<br />Mohammedan and the Htndoo in India
<br />It is often forgotten by critics that th
<br />differences between the Mohammed
<br />an's religion and the Englishman's
<br />are minute compared with those that
<br />divide Islam and Hindooism. They of
<br />the east take their religion much more
<br />seriously than we of the west, and 1
<br />the eyes of Islam the dog of a Chri
<br />tian is far better than the swine of
<br />Hindoo.
<br />The Pathans of the northwestern
<br />frontier—keen, hardy and relentless
<br />fighters, without education and with
<br />out the wish for ft—may stand as a
<br />type of the Mohammedans. They are
<br />kept from the throat of Hindustan
<br />only by the presence of the British
<br />government. If restraint were re-
<br />moved from the Mohammedan the
<br />Hindoos would go down like grain be-
<br />fore the sickle, and the Pathans would
<br />turn India into one widespread hell.
<br />The first to fly would be our friend
<br />the baba. Yet be is precisely the man
<br />who today does all be can to make
<br />British rule in India difficult Were
<br />there any chance of his succeeding
<br />agitation would promptly cease. Grim
<br />indeed would be the silence of the
<br />Bengali press about the moral delin-
<br />quencies of the white man. The Brah-
<br />man agitator knows his Englishman
<br />and understands exactly how far he
<br />may be trusted to go doggedly on with
<br />his ungrateful work.
<br />I once saw a curious instance of the
<br />contempt in which the educated Ben-
<br />gali baba is held by men of his own
<br />blood. Toward the close of 1902 I was
<br />traveling up to the Durbar at Deihl
<br />and happened to be in the dining car
<br />on the three toot Rajputana-Malwa
<br />railroad. A well known rajpnt asked
<br />if he might join me at dinner. I was
<br />ted
<br />deli h
<br />and found
<br />8 him a
<br />most inter-
<br />esting companion. From first to last
<br />nothing could exceed his courtesy. But
<br />in pausing In the midst of a sentence
<br />and apologizing to me he leaned back
<br />in his chair and stretched out his arm
<br />behind him, barring the narrow pas-
<br />sageway. A well to do Bengali babu
<br />was stopped by the outstretched arm.
<br />The rajput then called the Bengali
<br />ugly things. He told him that he was
<br />one of a filthy and seditious lot of cow-
<br />ards, mangy curs that bit the band
<br />that fed them, and he finished by say-
<br />ing that, could he have his own way,
<br />he would subject the whole lot of them
<br />to a certain torture whose very men-
<br />tion made the wretched babu a shade
<br />grayer. I never saw encs a spectacle
<br />of shivering terror. With a final sneer,
<br />the rajpat told his victim to go, and
<br />then he turned back to the table with
<br />a pleasant smile.—Perceval Landon in
<br />World's Work.
<br />The French "Mrs, Malaprop."
<br />Canno. the French "Mrs. Malaprop,"
<br />s does not amuse so much by the con-
<br />fusion of his words as by the quaint-
<br />ness and unintended plainness of his
<br />n remark~. Ile entered the service of a
<br />e wen known doctor, who, after Callao
<br />. 1 had been buying hay for his horses for
<br />e' awhile. made tip his mind that the hay
<br />- Was worthless.
<br />"That Is very poor hay that you've
<br />been buying." the doctor complained.
<br />"But the horses eat it, sir," said
<br />Callao.
<br />"No matter. It's bad hay."
<br />n "Yee, sir," said Cal' -to respectfully.
<br />s- "I'll change it. 1 know you are a
<br />a much better judge of hay than the
<br />horses are!"
<br />One day the bell rang. and Celine
<br />came In.
<br />"A pntient has arrived, sir." be re-
<br />• ported.
<br />"An old patient or a new one?" asked
<br />the doctor.
<br />"New one, of course, sir." said Ce -
<br />lino. "The old ones never come back!"
<br />Callao admired very much the beau-
<br />tiful teeth of a lady among his mas-
<br />ter's patients.
<br />"Ab!" be exclaimed. "Her teeth are
<br />as fresh and sound and white as a
<br />newborn baby's!"
<br />An Interesting Experiment.
<br />That the earth revolves on its axis
<br />can be proved by a simple experiment
<br />Fill a medium sized bowl nearly full
<br />of water and place it upon the floor of
<br />a room that is not exposed to jarring
<br />from the street. Upon the surface of
<br />the water sprinkle a coating of lycopo-
<br />dium powder. Then take powdered
<br />charcoal and draw a straight black
<br />line two inches long upon the coating.
<br />The line should be north and south.
<br />After this is done lay upon the floor
<br />a stick so that it will be exactly paral-
<br />lel with the charcoal line. Any sta-
<br />tionary object In the room will an-
<br />swer as well, provided it is parallel
<br />with the line. If the bowl is left un-
<br />disturbed for several hours it will be
<br />seen that the black mark has turned
<br />toward the parallel object and has
<br />moved from east to west in a direc-
<br />tion opposite to the movement of the
<br />earth on Its axis. This proves that
<br />the earth in revolving has carried the
<br />water with it, but the powder on the
<br />surface has been left a little behind.
<br />On the Other Side.
<br />• A British soldier out walking with
<br />his son saw an old blind beggar with
<br />the inscription on his chest, "I Fought
<br />at Waterloo"
<br />The soldier said, with deep feeling:
<br />"Give him something. He helped to
<br />save your country."
<br />The chlld dropped some silver into
<br />the beggar's cap, and the old man
<br />gratefully replied:
<br />"Mere( blen, monsieur!"—London
<br />DN.
<br />Idiomatic English.
<br />Mrs, Fremont, In a sketch of her fa-
<br />ther, Senator Benton, tells tbe follow-
<br />ing story of the French bishop at 8t
<br />Louis at the time of the pnrcbass of
<br />Louisiana. She says:
<br />It was a point of honor among the
<br />older Freocb not to learn English. bot
<br />the bishop decided that It would be
<br />better to acquire it, especially for nae
<br />from the pulpit. To force himself
<br />Into the familiar practice of the lan-
<br />guage he secluded himself for awhile
<br />with the family of an American farm.
<br />er, where he would bear no French.
<br />The experiment proved very success-
<br />ful. Soon he had gained a sufficient
<br />fluency to deliver a sermon in English.
<br />Senator Benton was present wben It
<br />was to be given. and his feelings may
<br />be imagined as the bishop. n refined
<br />and polished gentleman, annouio&-d:
<br />"My friends, I'm right down glad to
<br />see such a smart chance of folks here
<br />today."
<br />Lincoln's History of Himself.
<br />When Abraham Lincoln was elected
<br />to congress Charles Lanmau. then
<br />editor of the Congressional Record. ac-
<br />cording to the regular enatuat, for-
<br />warded to Mr. Lincoln no well as t'
<br />all other members elect a blank to I"
<br />filled out with facts and dates which
<br />might be made the basis for a bin
<br />graphical sketch In the directory. Mr.
<br />Lincoln's blank was returned prompt
<br />ly, filled up In his own handwriting
<br />with the following information:
<br />"Born Feb. 12, 1809. In Hardin coun
<br />ty, Ky.
<br />"Education, defective.
<br />"Profession, lawyer.
<br />"Military service. captain of volnn-
<br />teers in the Black Hawk war.
<br />"Offices held: Postmaster at a very
<br />small office, four times a member of
<br />the Illinois legislature and elected to
<br />the lower house of the nett congress."
<br />Ancient Waterworks.
<br />Hezekiah, king of Judah, wbo reigned
<br />in the years 717 to 688 B. O., wu a
<br />pioneer in constructing a system of
<br />waterworks, bringing water into the
<br />city of Jerusalem. In the holy book
<br />we read: "He made the pool and con-
<br />duit and brought the water into the
<br />city, stopping the upper part of Glboo.
<br />and brought it straight down to the
<br />west side of the elty of David. And
<br />Hezeklatt prospered in all his worts."
<br />From the "pools of Solomon," near
<br />Bethlehem, water wu conveyed to
<br />Jerusalem, a distance of six or seven
<br />miles, through a conduit of earthen
<br />pipe about ten Inches in diameter. The
<br />pipe was Incased within two stones,
<br />hewn out to fit It, then covered over
<br />with rough stones cemented Wisest.
<br />Eveu in those days "boil the water"
<br />was a well known Injunction.
<br />Alphabetical,
<br />Two commercial travelers In a rail-
<br />way carriage entered Into coevetsa-
<br />tion.
<br />Oue of them tried hard to make the
<br />other understand something, but be
<br />was either very hard of bearing or
<br />slow in believing.
<br />At last his friend lost bis temper and
<br />exclaimed: "Why, tllea't you see? It's
<br />as plain as A B CI"
<br />"That may be," said the oust; 'but,
<br />you see, I am D 111 F."
<br />MEXICO CITY POLICE.
<br />Street Lanterns That Keep Them Vigi—
<br />lant at Night.
<br />"When 1 visited Mexico," said an
<br />artist, "1 found innumerable things of
<br />Interest, but that which gained my
<br />notice particularly was the police sys-
<br />tem. In the City of Mexico the pollee
<br />at night are stationed at short inter-
<br />vals apart in the street Each police-
<br />man has a lantern, which is placed on
<br />a stand in the center of the street It
<br />1e his duty to retnain in easy striking
<br />distance of this lantern at all times,
<br />so that he will be on hanid in case of
<br />an emergency.
<br />"Any person who is able to reach
<br />the lamp and lift it from its book be-
<br />fore the policeman Interferes iseutitled
<br />to a reward of $500. Any policeman
<br />who loses his lantern la subject to in-
<br />stant end dishonorable dismissal. This
<br />is to insure constant rigilance on their
<br />part and to require their presence at
<br />a certain point at all times. At first 1
<br />regarded the thing as a joke, and 1
<br />tried to get possession of the pollee
<br />lantern. But then 1 found that I was
<br />greatly mistaken. Not once, although
<br />I exercised extreme caution, was 1
<br />quick enough for the policeman on
<br />watch.
<br />"The City of Mexico Is one of the
<br />Crest policed communities in the world.
<br />Policemen are always on hand when 1+
<br />+1
<br />one requires them, and It is virtually
<br />impossible for desperadoes to operate
<br />in the open."—New York Telegram.
<br />A SUICIDE'S HAND.
<br />1
<br />1
<br />The Queer Superstition That Used to
<br />Prevail In England.
<br />In former times it was a common no-
<br />tion that 1f a sick person could only
<br />Ouch the hand of a suicide he or she
<br />would be cured. This superstition was
<br />especially common in the west of Eng-
<br />land. In Cornwall touching a suicide's
<br />hand was said to have once cured a
<br />young man who had been afflicted with
<br />many tumors from his birth. A sim-
<br />ilar superstition regarding the touch
<br />of executed criminals has been widely
<br />prevalent and has often been recorded.
<br />Robert Hunt In his "Romauces of the
<br />West of England" says that he once
<br />saw a young woman led on to the
<br />scaffold at Newgate in order to have a
<br />wen touched by the band of a man
<br />who had just been executed,
<br />At Northampton of old the hangmau
<br />is said to have had a regular fee for
<br />according a similar "privilege" to suf-
<br />ferers from like disorders. Even the
<br />co®n of a sulcide.,may have curative
<br />value. There le a Devonshire belief to
<br />the effect that If any one suffering
<br />from disease can manage to throw a
<br />white handkerchief ou such a coffin
<br />at the time of Its interment the disease
<br />will vanish as the handkerchief decays.
<br />Mach superstitious value has also been
<br />attached to the knots of the rope used
<br />either by a suicide or In the execution
<br />of a criminal.
<br />Work of the Farmer.
<br />Tbe countless millions of our popula-
<br />tion are fed and clothed by the Ameri-
<br />can farmer. The grain waving in
<br />golden beauty upon the great plains of
<br />the west, the cotton drifting like sum-
<br />mer snow upon the fields of the south,
<br />freight the fleets of nations and loose
<br />their sails, thread the continents with
<br />track of steel. till the earth with the
<br />roar of trains and heap for trade and
<br />commerce and useful art those stores
<br />that make a nation great Where are
<br />the sinews of our strength if they are
<br />not found in our great, diversified agri-
<br />cultural products? What victorious
<br />hosts ever wnved as joyous banners as
<br />those that limit above the tasseled
<br />maize from the snows of Maine to the
<br />spicy grove of California? What spirit
<br />of beauty hovers above southern fields
<br />wben fleecy bolls uncover to crown
<br />"King Cotton!"—Hon. Ezekiel S. Can.
<br />dler, Jr., of Mississippi in House of
<br />Representatives.
<br />A Mole Catcher.
<br />A farm manager at Fodderty, Ding-
<br />wall, Scotlaud, watching a mole catch-
<br />er at work, saw sea gulls hovering
<br />over and occasionally alighting upon a
<br />turnip field in which the observer and
<br />others were at work. A. particularly
<br />large and handaome bird attracted his
<br />attention by the graceful way it floated
<br />slowly over the drills, intently scan-
<br />ning the surface of the ground. Sud-
<br />denly, steadying itself a moment, it
<br />dropped, dug its bill into the heaving
<br />ground and rose with a mole for its
<br />prey. Resting a few minutes, it grace-
<br />fully began again a further search for
<br />prey. In a few minutes a second mole
<br />was unearthed,
<br />The White Evening Waistcoat
<br />Anything that breaks through the
<br />gloomy, funereal, waitereal aspect of
<br />male evening drew is to be commend-
<br />ed. But practically, as a general rule,
<br />the white evening waistcoat cannot be
<br />effectively worn much atter the age of
<br />twenty-one. Black, It is well known,
<br />diminishes the proportions, but white
<br />undoubtedly Increases them. I see men
<br />whom I have hitherto considered to be
<br />slim appear in white evening waist-
<br />coats and look absolutely corpulent—
<br />London Graphic.
<br />A Good Reason.
<br />Pearl—They thought at first they
<br />would be married In Holland. Ruby—
<br />And what changed their minds? Pearl
<br />—Why, they beard that old shoes lu
<br />Holland weighed from two to six
<br />pounds each.—Exchange.
<br />Easily Settled.
<br />Norse—Doctor, a sponge Is missing.
<br />Possibly you sewed it ap inside the
<br />patient Eminent Burgeon—Thank yon,
<br />Remind me to add 110 to the bill for
<br />material: Puck.
<br />SI per Tear to Advent*.
<br />Where the finet biscuit,
<br />cake, hot -breads, crusts
<br />or puddings are required
<br />`loyal is indispensable.
<br />OYAM
<br />Ba ciar Powder
<br />Altrol 'te &Pare
<br />Not only for. rich or fine food
<br />or for special times or service.
<br />Royal is equally valuable in the
<br />preparation of plain, substantial,
<br />every -day foods, for all occa-
<br />sions. It makes the food
<br />more
<br />tasty, nutritious and wholesome.
<br />The Man Thee :Mndo Niagara.
<br />%'ben the iiia to5spenslou bridge was
<br />throwu over Niagi t:a there was n great
<br />and tuniultutrtts npr•oung ceremony,
<br />such as the Alltetrir its love, and many
<br />of the great ones of the United States
<br />assembled to do lienor to the occasion,
<br />and among them was Itoscoe Conkllug.
<br />Conkling was one of the most brilliant
<br />public men wIon, America bas pro-
<br />duced—a awn of commanding, even
<br />beautiful, presence and of perhaps un-
<br />paralleled vnnity. Ile had been called
<br />(by an opponeatr n human peacock.
<br />After the ceremonies attending the
<br />opening of the bridge had been con-
<br />cluded Conkltng, with many others,'
<br />was at the railway station waiting to
<br />depart; but, though otbere were there.
<br />be did not mingle with them, but strut-
<br />ted and plumed himself for their ben-
<br />efit, posing that they might get the full
<br />effect of all his majesty.
<br />One of the station porters was so
<br />impressed that. stepping up to another
<br />who was hurrying by trundling a load
<br />of lu;-gage, he jerked bis thumb in
<br />Conkiing's dlrootten and—
<br />"Who's that feller?" he naked. "Is
<br />he the man ns built tate bridge?"
<br />The other studied the great man a
<br />moment.
<br />"Thunder! No," said he. "He's the
<br />man as made the falls."—H. Perry
<br />Robinson in Putnam's Magazine.
<br />Had a Treat For His Wife.
<br />Dr.
<br />GeorgeHarvie
<br />y, a local veter-
<br />inary physician, was called to a stable
<br />not long ago to minister to a horse
<br />that was down with colic. It was a
<br />serious case, and the doctor saw that
<br />the only way to save the horse would
<br />be to insert a tube In its side and
<br />allow the gas on its stomach to escape.
<br />Just because he thought It would star-
<br />Ue the owner of his horse Harvey
<br />struck a match and lighted the gas at
<br />the end of the tube. Tbe man didn't
<br />say much at the time, but he was prop-
<br />erly impressed. He had never heard
<br />of using a horse for an Illuminating
<br />plant. The next day when Dr. Har-
<br />vey came around to see how the horse
<br />was getting along—it was all over the
<br />colic then—the owner tapped him on
<br />the shoulder.
<br />"My wife was away yesterday," he
<br />said, "but she's home now- Just light
<br />up the horse again, will you? 1 want
<br />her to see IL"—Cleveland Plain Dealer.
<br />Chinese Sun and Moon.
<br />In China the sun and moon are
<br />brother and slater. The moon is the
<br />elder brother, who looks after his rath-
<br />er silly slater, the sun. This la exactly
<br />the reverse of our legends. which make
<br />the sun the day king and the gentle
<br />moon ladf of the night One day in
<br />China, so the legend rune. tbe sun
<br />asked the moon If she couldu't go out
<br />at night The moon answered very
<br />sternly: "No. You are a young Indy,
<br />and it would be Improper for yon to
<br />go out after dark." Then the son said.
<br />"Bat the people keep looking at me
<br />when 1 go out In the daytime." Sb the
<br />moon told ber to take the golden
<br />needles that ebe wore in her hair and
<br />stick them Into the eyes of people
<br />when they stared at her. This is the
<br />reason why no one can look at the sun
<br />withn,.t no in
<br />Poor Consolation.
<br />"Ob, dear!" exclaimed the society
<br />woman. "I feel so wretched, and this
<br />is my receiving day too! 1 do hope no
<br />one will call, for i'tl be in misery alt
<br />the time."
<br />"Well," remarked her husband face
<br />tiously, "1 always understood that
<br />'misery loves company'" — Catbolic
<br />Standard.
<br />Her Bribe.
<br />Unattractive Maiden Aunt—Goodby,
<br />Jottie. Come soon again. 1 hope you'll
<br />forgive my not kilning you, but I have
<br />an awful cold. Jottie (aged six}—Never
<br />mind. Do kiss ne, auntie. Mother
<br />said she'd give me 5 cents if I'd let
<br />you.—Exchange.
<br />Fearful Tortures,
<br />Some years ago 1 was a teacher in
<br />Afghanistan, and during my stay In
<br />that country i was often an unwilling
<br />witness of some horrible exhibitions
<br />of torture. Here is one they use in the
<br />case of women to extract testimony.
<br />It consists In prying off the finger
<br />wails by means of a small chisel or
<br />brad awl, which is shoved In slowly.
<br />but firmly, from the finger tip down-
<br />ward under the quick of the nail, which
<br />is then lifted up and out.
<br />This Is another that I once saw used
<br />In the case of a small child who would
<br />not own up to some petty theft: Sticks
<br />were thrust between its fingers and
<br />the fingers then squeezed together. so
<br />that the sticks crushed into the bones.
<br />So much for women and children.
<br />Here is a method of eliciting Informa-
<br />tion from an unwilling man: The cul-
<br />prit is stripped to the waist, and then
<br />boiling oil is flicked on to his back.
<br />This seldom falls to find the man's
<br />tongue.
<br />The above are the chief forma of
<br />"fahana," or torture, for the purpose
<br />of eliciting information, but it must
<br />be stated that such inflictions as nip
<br />ping of noses, tearing out tongues or
<br />splitting eyeballs do not come ander
<br />the heading of "trauma," they being
<br />punishments rather than tortures.—
<br />London Standard.
<br />Duchess* and Anarchist
<br />Wpon one occasion the Dncbesse
<br />d'Uzes and Louise Michel met at the
<br />bedside of a poor sick woman whom
<br />they were mutually aiding. They met
<br />here frequently for a brief period. The
<br />woman died. Louise Michel, who was
<br />present at the death, wrote to tbe
<br />duchesse: "Madame—Our poor friend is
<br />dead. 1 have looked among her few
<br />belongings for a souvenir for you.
<br />Here is a small piece of passementer e
<br />done by her hands. Accept it" A
<br />few days afterward Mme. la Duehesse
<br />d'Uzea, nee Mortemart, went to the
<br />home of Louise Michel, the anarchist
<br />—a bizarre abode at Levailols where
<br />the poor found always both a good
<br />word and a piece of bread—to thank
<br />the "red virgin" for her letter and her
<br />gift A friendship so wu cemented
<br />between the oddly assorted pair that
<br />was later not without result in the
<br />operation of the most gigantic charity
<br />of the Duchesse d'Uses--Bonlangeriam.
<br />—Harper's Bazar.
<br />Bear Baiting In Olden Days.
<br />8o popular was bull baiting in olden
<br />days in England that riots followed
<br />the attempt to suppress It ina large
<br />towns. Bear baiting wu mo popular
<br />still, if that could be. I various
<br />places, Liverpool, especially, It made
<br />part of the festivities at the election
<br />of the mayor, being held before his
<br />worship started for church. Ladies
<br />commonly attended in great numbers.
<br />There was a famous bear at Liver-
<br />pool which showed such grand sport
<br />in 1782 that certain fair admirers pre-
<br />sented it with a garland, decked it
<br />with ribbons and carried it to the the-
<br />ater, where a special entertainment
<br />bad been "commanded," which bruin
<br />sat out in the front of their box. But
<br />of gossip about ball and bear baiting
<br />there is no end. Enthusiastic lovers
<br />of Shakespeare read with interest the
<br />petition of the royal bear warden, ad-
<br />dressed to Queen Elisabeth In 11196.
<br />complaining that his licensed perform-
<br />ances had been neglected of Ute be-
<br />came every one went to the theater.
<br />Reassuring.
<br />Old Bullion—It galls me to think that
<br />my money goes Into your spendthrift
<br />hands when 1 die. Young Bullion—
<br />Never mind, governor. It won't stay
<br />there long.—London Tit -Bits.
<br />At the Opera. -
<br />"What was the matter with Signor
<br />Tenors? He sang the drinking song
<br />wretchedly."
<br />"Yes. I think be had been drinktag."
<br />—New Orleans Times -Democrat. 1
<br />TANNING OF LEATHER.
<br />It Is Probably the Most Ancient of All
<br />the Arts.
<br />Tanuing of leather is probably the
<br />oldest of all arts. Agriculture Is the
<br />only one that would have a chance of
<br />competition, but the probabilities are
<br />that cold weather taught the first intel-
<br />ligent anthropoid ape to move south or
<br />cover himself with skins. Without tan-
<br />ning the raw hides would soon stiffen
<br />and In damp weather would tot and
<br />become unbearable because of their
<br />odors. Probably about tbe period of the
<br />troglodytes, or care men, the art bad
<br />its Inception, and right here is to be
<br />stated one of the most curious fea-
<br />tures of the art—namely, that while
<br />every other art has advanced, the
<br />methods employed by most tanners to-
<br />day are quite similar to those used in
<br />the time of Herodotus, a writer who
<br />has told us more about the world as
<br />he found it than has any historian who
<br />succeeded him.
<br />Herodotue says be found the Afri-
<br />cans wearing skins for clothing, a re-
<br />markable statement about the people
<br />of a country in which the thermometer
<br />rarely goes below 100 degrees F. The
<br />Phoenicians used tanned leather for
<br />the outsides of ships with which they
<br />fearlessly navigated every square mile
<br />of the sea of all antiquity. Babylonian
<br />leather workers were respected in the
<br />time of David of Judea. Russia leath-
<br />er has held a proud place since the
<br />first century of our era. Dyed mara-
<br />quln leather from Astrakhan, at the
<br />mouth of the Volga, made from goat-
<br />skins, is famous the world over for the
<br />beauty of its red and yellow dyes.
<br />Then there is the ehagreen of Tartary
<br />and Armenia, made of only a small
<br />piece of ass' skin, a square of two
<br />feet, just over the tail.
<br />To me the most memorable thing 1
<br />saw at Tangier, Morocco, was a fa-
<br />mous tannery tbtt dated hack to the
<br />period preceding the Arabic invasion
<br />of Europe. For some of the finest
<br />grades a man was treading the skins
<br />in a vat barefooted. Ile was some
<br />wretched outcast picked up ou the
<br />streets and in need of a few copper
<br />coins to save him from starvation. The
<br />guide told me that an hour among the
<br />mineral and vegetable acids lu that
<br />vat would cause the skin to peel from
<br />his feet and legs as if the flesh had
<br />been boiled. As hospitals are unknown
<br />in Tangier, this seemed a serious pros-
<br />pect for the poor wretch. This incident
<br />recalled the unfortunate mules at Gua-
<br />najueta and In other places of ,Mexico
<br />that are put into the cyanide tanks to
<br />separate the silver by tramping. The
<br />poor brutes soon lose their hoofs and
<br />have to be shot.
<br />Morocco leather is made of goat-
<br />skins, dyed upon their outer surfaces.
<br />Not until the middle of the eighteenth
<br />century was the art introduced into
<br />France, where the highest grades of
<br />Morocco leather are made !n these
<br />days. But most travelers are shown
<br />books In the Vatican at Rome and in
<br />the Royal library at Madrid bound
<br />early in 1700 that are in fine condition.
<br />Dyeing leather red is the most difficult
<br />of all arts in treating skins. The color
<br />requires some mysterious mordant to
<br />fix it, and not a dyer between Slogs -
<br />dere and Aleppo will give up the se-
<br />cret.—Brooklyn Eagle.
<br />Wendell Phillips and Blaine.
<br />When Wendell Phillips was last in
<br />Washington be was for a few minutes
<br />on the floor of the United States sen-
<br />ate, surrounded by a group of senators,
<br />among whom was Senator James G.
<br />Blaine, always a favorite with Mr.
<br />Phillips. It so happened that a few
<br />weeks before this time Mr. Blaine in
<br />presenting to congress the statue of
<br />Governor King, first governor of
<br />Maine, to be placed in tbe rotunda of
<br />the capitol, bad commented severely on
<br />the loyalty of Massachusetts and espe-
<br />cially the Federalist party during the
<br />war with Great Britain in 1812.
<br />Of this party the father of Wendell
<br />Phillips, John Phillips, was a conspicu-
<br />ous member. When Blaine's speech
<br />was made, Dawes and Hoar were sena-
<br />tors from Massachusetts, and they both
<br />essayed some sort of an impromptu re-
<br />ply thereto, but did themselves little
<br />credit in parrying the thrusts of
<br />Blaine's glittering rapier.
<br />So when Wendell Phillips met Blaine
<br />on this occasion he said to him laugh-
<br />ingly, "i wish 1 had been a member of
<br />this body for about an hour the other
<br />day when you made that speech ate
<br />tacking the Massachusetts Federalists."
<br />"Alt," said Mr. Blaine, with that
<br />ready wit which never deserted him,
<br />"if you had been here I shouldn't have
<br />made that speech."—Exchange.
<br />A Fatal Disease.
<br />A celebrated general once inquired
<br />of one of his soldiers the cause of his
<br />brother's death.
<br />"My- brother died, sir," replied the
<br />soldier, "because he bad nothing to
<br />do."
<br />"Well, my man," said the general,
<br />"that Is reason enough to kill the great-
<br />est general of us all."—Exchange.
<br />A Particular Patient,
<br />"Are you sure that is what L the
<br />matter with me?'
<br />"Yes, madam."
<br />"Well, you'll have to grew again.
<br />doctor. I won't have 1t It's too com-
<br />mon a complaint"—New York Press.
<br />A Natural Curiosity.
<br />"Do you know what I do when a
<br />man offers me advice?' said the curb-
<br />stone philosopher.
<br />"Ala"
<br />"Ask him if he's tried it." --Cleveland
<br />a tronas.
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